..
Wednesday, February 25, 2009
Takrif Usahawan dan Definasi Keusahawanan
..
Wednesday, February 18, 2009
Apa yang anda perlu buat untuk menjadi jutawan?
Pastinya anda ingat rancangan game show yang sangat popular satu masa dahulu. So, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?
..
1 Jutawan kerja > 70 seminggu.
Bagaimana ingin menjana wang di internet dengan hobi
..
Apa yang boleh anda lakukan sekarang ialah buat blog tentang ulasan filem yang telah anda saksikan dan anda boleh letakkan pelbagai benda untuk menjana wang di blog anda tersebut seperti iklan, link affiliate, adsense dan sebagainya.
Contoh kedua ialah anda merupakan seorang peminat kelab bola sepak terkemuka iaitu Arsenal. Anda boleh buat blog, website ataupun forum bagi mengulas tentang perlawanan yang berlangsung setiap minggu. Anda juga telah masukkan gambar-gambar dan video bagi setiap perlawanan. Saya pasti blog anda akan menjadi sangat menarik.
Seperti biasa di blog tersebut anda boleh letakkan iklan, linkaffiliate, adsense dan sebagainya. Setelah beberapa bulan anda sentiasa update blog anda, sudah tentu pelawat bagi blog anda semakin meningkat tinggi. Pada masa inilah anda boleh wujudkan satu kedai online bagi menjual jersey-jersey Arsenal, cenderamata Arsenal dan banyak lagi.
Baiklah saya berikan contoh ketiga agar anda lebih jelas dengan konsep buat duit di Internet. Andai kata anda ni seorang yang minat mengubah bunga. Sudah pasti tiap-tiap minggu banyak gubahan yang menarik dan menawan telah anda hasilkan.
Anda boleh menjual hasil gubahan anda tersebut di ebay luar negara. Orang asing biasanya sangat minat dengan benda-benda hiasan macam ni. Selain itu, anda juga boleh buat ebook ataupun video tutorial bagaimana untuk menggubah bunga untuk dijual kepada pengguna Internet. Saya pasti ramai kaum hawa di luar sana yang ingin belajarteknik gubahan yang cantik dan terkini.
Itulah tiga contoh simple yang dapat saya berikan kepada anda. Sebenarnya sangat banyak lagi cara untuk anda buat duit dengan hobi di Internet. Saya baru sahaja lancarkan blog tentang catur di planet catur. Apa yang penting sekarang ialah anda belajar bagaimana ingin menjadikan segala idea yang diberikan oleh saya ini satu kenyataan. Apa lagi, jana wang di Internet dengan hobi anda sekarang!
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Different Types Of Bonds
In general, fixed-income securities are classified according to the length of time before maturity. These are the three main categories:
Bills – debt securities maturing in less than one year.
Notes – debt securities maturing in one to 10 years.
Bonds – debt securities maturing in more than 10 years.
Marketable securities from U.S. government – known collectively as Treasuries – follow this guideline and are issued as Treasury bonds, Treasury notes and Treasury bills (T-bills). Technically speaking, T-bills aren’t bonds because of their short maturity.
..
A company can issue bonds just as it can issue stock. Large corporations have a lot of flexibility as to how much debt they can issue: the limit is whatever the market will bear. Generally, a short-term corporate bond is less than five years, intermediate is five to 12 years, and long term is over 12 years.
Corporate bonds are characterized by higher yields because there is a higher risk of a company defaulting than a government. The upside is that they can also be the most rewarding fixed-income investment because of the risk the investor must take on. The company’s credit quality is very important: the higher the quality, the lower the interest rate the investor receives.
Other variations on corporate bonds include convertible bonds, which the holder can convert into stock, and callable bonds, which allow the company to redeem an issue prior to maturity.
Zero-Coupon Bonds
This is a type of bond that makes no coupon payments but instead is issued at a considerable discount to par value. For example, let’s say a zero-coupon bond with a $1,000 par value and 10 years to maturity is trading at $600; you’d be paying $600 today for a bond that will be worth $1,000 in 10 years.
Monday, February 16, 2009
Bond Basics: What Are Bonds?
Of course you have! Whether we hit our parents we hit our parents up for a few bucks to buy candy as children or asked the bank for mortgage, most of us have borrowed money at some point in our lives.
Just as people need money, so do companies and governments. A company needs funds to expand into new markets, while governments need money for everything from infrastructure to social programs. The problem large organizations run into is that they typically need far more money than the average bank can provide.
Of course, nobody would loan his or her hard-earned money to nothing. The issuer of a bond must pay the investor something extra for the privilege of using his or her money. This “extra” comes in the form of interest payments, which are made at a predetermined rate and schedule.
For example, say you buy a bond with a face value of $1,000, a coupon of 8% , and a maturity of 10 years. This means you’ll receive a total of $80 ($1,000*8%) of interest per year for the next 10 years. Actually, because most bonds pay interest semi-annually, you’ll receive two payments of $40 a year for 10 years. When the bond matures after a decade, you’ll get your $1,000 back.
Characteristics
Bonds have a number of characteristics of which you need to be aware. All of these factors play a role in determining the value of a bond and the extent to which it fits in your portfolio.
..
Face Value / Par Value
The face value (also known as the par value or principal) is the amount of money a holder will get back once a bond matures. A newly issued bond sells at the par value. Corporate bonds normally have a par value of $1,000, but this amount can be much greater for government bonds.
....
What confuses many people is that the value is not the price of the bond. A bond’s price fluctuates throughout its life in response to a number of variables (more on this later). When a bond trades at a price above the face value, it is said to be selling at a discount.
..
Coupon (The Interest Rate)
The coupon is the amount the bondholder will receive as interest payments. It’s called a “coupon” because sometimes there are physical coupons on the bond that you tear off and redeem for interest. However, this was more common in the past. Nowadays, records are more likely to be kept electronically.
..
As previously mentioned, most bonds are pay interest every sixmonths, but its possible for them to pay monthly, quarterly, or annually. The coupon is expressed as a percentage of the par value. If a bond pays a coupon of 10% and its par value is $1,000, then it’ll pay $100 of interest a year.
..
A rate that stays as fixed percentage of the par value like this is a fixed-rate bond. Another possibility is an adjustable interest interest payment, known as a floating-rate bond. In this case the interest rate is tied to market rates through an index, such as the rate on Treasury bills.
..
You might think investors will pay more for a high coupon than for a low coupon. All things being equal, a lower coupon means that the price of the bond will fluctuate more.
..
Maturity
The maturity date is the date in the future on which the investor’s principal will be repaid. Maturities can range from as little as one day to as long as 30 years (through terms of 100 years have been issued).
..
A bond that matures in one year is much more predictable and thus less risky than a bond that matures in 20 years. Therefore, in general, the longer the time to maturity, the higher the interest rate. Also, all things being equal, a longer term bond will fluctuate more than a shorter term bond.
..
Issuer
The issuer of a bond is a crucial factor to consider, as the issuer’s stability is your main assurance of getting paid back. For example, the U.S. government is far more secure than any corporation. Its default risk (the chance of the debt not being paid back) is extremely small – so small that U.S government securities are known as risk-free assets.
..
The reason behind this is that a government will always be able to bring in future revenue through taxation. This added risk means corporate bonds must offer a higher yield in order to entice investors – this is the risk/return trade off in action.
Friday, February 13, 2009
How Stocks Trade
The purpose of a stock market is to facilitate the exchange the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, reducing the risks of investing. Just imagine how difficult it would be to sell shares if you had to call around the neighbourhood trying to find a buyer.
Thursday, February 12, 2009
Different Types Of Stocks
Over the long term, common stock, by means of capital growth, yields higher returns than almost every other investment. The higher returns comes at a cost since common stocks entail the most risk. If a company goes bankrupt and liquidates, the common shareholders will not receive money until the creditors, bondholders and preferred shareholders are paid.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock represents some degree of ownership in a company but usually doesn’t come with the same voting rights. (This may vary depending on the company). With preferred shares, investors are usually guaranteed a fixed dividend forever. This is different than common stock, which has variable dividends that are never guaranteed.
Another advantage is that in the event of liquidation, preferred shareholders are paid off before the common shareholder (but still after debt holders). Preferred stock may also be callable, meaning that the company has the option to purchase the shares from shareholders at anytime for any reason (usually for a premium).
Some people consider preferred stock to be more like debt than equity. A good way to think of these kinds of shares is to see them as being in between bonds and common shares.
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
Debt vs Equity
Why would the founders share the profits with thousands of people when they could keep profits to themselves?
The reason is that at some point every company needs to raise money. To do this, companies can either borrow it from somebody or raise it by selling part of the company, which is known as issuing stock.
A company can borrow by taking a loan from a bank or by issuing bonds. Both methods fit under the umbrella of debt financing. On the other hand, issuing stock is called equity financing. Issuing stock is advantageous for the company because it does not require the company to pay back the money or make interest payment along the way.
All that the shareholders get in return for their money is the hope that the shares will someday be worth more than what they paid for them. The first sale of a stock, which is issued by the private company itself, is called the initial public offering (IPO).
It is important that you understand the distinction between a company financing through debt and financing through equity. When you buy a debt investment such as a bond, you are guaranteed the return of your money (the principal) along with promised interest payments. This isn’t the case with an equity investment. By becoming an owner, you assume the risk of the company not being successful – just as a small business owner, you isn’t guaranteed a return, neither is a shareholder.
As an owner, your claim on assets is less than that of creditors. This means that if a company goes bankrupt and liquidates, you, as a shareholder, don’t get any money until the banks and bondholders have been paid out; we can call this absolute priority. Shareholders earn a lot if a company is successful, but they also stand to lose their entire investment if the company isn’t successful.
Risk
It must be emphasized that there are no guarantees when it comes to individual stocks. Some companies pay out dividends, but many other do not. And there is no obligation to pay out dividends even for those firms that have traditionally given them. Without dividends, an investor can make money on a stock only through its appreciation in the open market. On the downside, any stock may go bankrupt, in which case your investment is worth nothing.
Although risk might sound all negative, there is also a bright side. Taking on greater risk demands a greater return on your investment. This is the reason why stocks have historically outperformed other investments such as bonds or savings accounts. Over the long term, an investment in stocks has historically had an average return of around 10-12%.
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Stock Basic: What Are Stocks?
Being an Owner
A stock is represented by a stock certificate. This is a fancy piece of paper that is proof of your ownership. In today’s computer age, you won’t actually get to see this document because your brokerage keeps these records electronically, which is also known as holding shares “in street name”.
Being shareholder of a public company does not mean you have a say in the day-to-day running of the business. Instead, onevote per share to elect the board of directors at annual meeting is the extent to which you have a say in the company.
The management of the company is supposed to increase the value of the firm for shareholders. If this doesn’t happen, the shareholders can vote to have the management removed, at least in theory. In reality, individual investors like you and I don’t own enough shares to have a material influence on the company. It’s really the big boys like large institutional investors and billionaire entrepreneurs who make the decision.
....
For ordinary shareholders, not being able to manage the company isn’t such a big deal. The importance of being a shareholders is that you are entitled to a portion of the company’s profits and have a claim on assets. Profits are sometimes paid out in the form of dividends. The more shres you own, the larger the portion of the profits you get.
..
Your claim on assets is only relevant if a company goes bankrupt. In case of liquidation, you’ll receive what’s left after all the creditors have been paid. This last point is worth repeating: the importance of stock ownership is your claim on assets and earnings. Without this, the stock wouldn’t be worth the paper it’s printed on.
...Another extremely important feature of stock is its limited liability, which means that, as an owner of a stock, you are not personally liable if the company is not able to pay its debts. Other companies such as partnerships are set up so that if the partnership goes bankrupt the creditors can come after the partners (shareholders) personally and sell off their house, car, furniture, etc.
...Owning stock means that, no matter what, the maximum value you can lose is the value of your investment. Even if a company of which you are a shareholder goes bankrupt, you can never lose your personal assets.
Monday, February 09, 2009
Usahawan sayur fertigasi
..
Mendapat ijazah pertama di Hawaii dan ijazah sarjana dalam bidang ekonomi di London, United Kingdom (UK), Ammar mula mengusahakan ladang sayurnya secara sepenuh masa sejak 2005 di atas tanah milik keluarga seluas empat ekar di Kampung Batu 3, Mambau, Negeri Sembilan.
Menceritakan pahit getir bergelumang dalam bidang pertanian khususnya penanaman sayur secara konvensional selama tiga tahun, Ammar berkata, mereka yang mahu bergiat dalam bidang ini perlu mempunyai semangat yang kuat.
"Dalam tempoh dua tahun ini dua kali saya terasa amat putus asa dan berfikir untuk mengalah dan meninggalkan segalanya.
"Tetapi pihak Institut Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Pertanian Malaysia (MARDI) dan Jabatan Pertanian banyak memberikan khidmat nasihat dan galakan kepada saya sehingga saya ke peringkat sekarang," katanya semasa ditemui di ladangnya di Mambau, Negeri Sembilan, baru-baru ini.
Ammar melahirkan rasa terharu dengan agensi kerajaan yang banyak memberikan galakan walaupun beliau mengalami pelbagai masalah ketika itu. Biarpun pernah menjawat jawatan glamor dan selesa iaitu pengurus dana, Ammar tidak menyesal meninggalkan semuanya untuk berbakti pada tanah.
Galakkan dan sokongan daripada ahli keluarga terutama ibu dan ayah sentiasa menjadi pendorong untuk terus berjaya. Setelah berjaya mengharungi pahit maung dalam bidang pertanian, kini beliau yang telah menyewa empat ekar lagi tanah di sebelah tanahnya menanam tanaman berpara seperti kacang panjang, bendi, timun, cili dan cili padi.
Bermula dengan menanam sayur-sayuran secara konvensional, kini Ammar mula menanam cili merah secara fertigasi tertutup sementara cili padi secara terbuka.
Mengaplikasikan kepakarannya dalam strategi kewangan dalam pertanian, Ammar banyak mengumpul data-data hasil ladangnya.
"Data yang saya dapati saya bandingkan dengan data daripada MARDI (Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia) dan Jabatan Pertanian.Jika terdapat perbezaan ketara, saya akan cuba mencari puncanya.
"Setiap pagi saya akan meninjau kebun dan melihat apa yang tidak kena sama ada serangga, virus atau bakteria," katanya.
Ammar akan mengumpul semua data sama ada serangga hidup atau bahagian pokok yang diserang untuk dikaji sama ada di MARDI, Jabatan Pertanian atau institut pengajian tinggi tempatan.
Dengan cara ini, Ammar dapat mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai makhluk perosak serta racun perosak yang sesuai digunakan.
Memegang pepatah Inggeris, 'tidak mengumpulkan telur dalam satu bakul,' Ammar mengusahakan pelbagai jenis tanaman sebagai persediaan jika sesuatu berlaku pada satu-satu tanamannya.
Ini juga merupakan satu langkah supaya pendapatannya berterusan sementara menunggu tanaman lain mengeluarkan hasil.
"Saya 'melayan' kebun sayur saya sama seperti bisnes-bisnes lain dengan strategi yang sama.
"Bagi saya pertanian adalah satu perniagaan," katanya yang memulakan pertanian menggunakan modal daripada simpanannya sendiri.
Baginya setiap tanaman mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahannya sendiri misalnya bendi dikatakan tanaman paling mudah ditanam tetapi harganya pula agak murah.
Cili merah dan cili padi yang mempunyai harga yang tinggi tetapi penjagaannya agak sukar dan memerlukan tenaga buruh yang ramai bagi tujuan memetik. Ammar juga menjalankan strategi merekodkan dan mengumpul semua harga sayuran di pasaran bagi membolehkannya memantau harga di masa akan datang.
..
"Ini bagi memastikan saya boleh mendapatkan tanda aras harga setiap sayuran dan boleh menjualnya dengan harga yang berpatutan," katanya yang bercita-cita membesarkan lagi ladang sayurnya.
Selepas menjalani pelbagai 'kisah pahit' dalam pertanian, kini Ammar melibatkan diri dalam fertigasi pokok cili.
Menjalankan trial and error dalam pertanian selama dua tahun menjadikan Ammar lebih matang dalam mengharungi industri tanaman. Beliau yang amat peka dengan apa yang berlaku di ladangnya tidak pernah memohon mana-mana pinjaman selama membuka ladang sayur-sayuran.
"Sejak awal saya mengeluarkan wang poket sendiri untuk menguruskan ladang ini dan saya masih belum menganggap diri saya berjaya.
Sunday, February 01, 2009
Definasi Pendapatan Pasif
Penasihat kewangan dan ramai jurulatih serta tokoh terkenal akan memberitahu anda yang untuk benar-benar mencapai kebebasan kewangan, anda mesti mempunyai pendapatan pasif yang cukup dan melebihi perbelanjaan anda. Bagus bunyinya, kan?...
Persoalannya sekarang ialah apakah dia pendapatan pasif dan bagaimana anda boleh memperolehinya?..
Bagi memudahkan, pendapatan boleh dibahagikan kepada empat kategori (walaupun ada yang kata lebih): pendapatan portfolio, pendapatan dituaskan, pendapatan aktif dan pendapatan pasif.
1 Pendapatan Aktif, seperti yang boleh anda bayangkan, adalah pendapatan yang memerlukan anda untuk muncul bagi mendapatkan upah, wang yang diperolehi hasil daripada tenaga dan masa individu itu sendiri. Inilah cara bagaimana kebanyakan orang menjalani kehidupan mereka – sebagai pekerja.
2 Pendapatan Portfolio merupakan faedah, dividend dan keuntungan modal yang datangnya daripada pemilikan saham, bon dan saham amanah.
3 Pendapatan dituaskan adalah dihasilkan apabila satu aktiviti daripadanya mampu menjana lebih banyak wang dengan menarik bilangan penonton yang disasarkan. Seorang penceramah di satu kursus atau persidangan sebagai contoh, mungkin sebolehnya berusaha untuk mengatur dan memberi ucapan kepada 20 orang seperti 1,000 orang tetapi boleh memperolehi lebih banyak wang dengan kumpulan yang lebih besar.
4 Pendapatan pasif ialah pendapatan yang memerlukan pelaburan awal terlebih dahulu dan kemudiannya terus mendapat pendapatan berterusan lagi dan lagi manakala penglibatan secara terus daripada pemilik bisnes makin berkurangan. Usaha awal ini seakan-akan anda mencipta mesin duit yang membawa masuk wang secara berterusan dengan penglibatan secara fizikal semakin berkurangan.
Seperti yang anda lihat, pendapatan aktif menghendaki dan memerlukan masa anda, walaupun anda boleh memperolehi kenaikan gaji dan juga kenaikan pangkat, pendapatan anda terhad kerana hanya terdapat anda seorang sahaja.
Dengan pendapatan pasif, bagaimanapun, anda boleh mencipta pendapatan dari pelbagai sumber dan terus untuk menambah lagi dan lagi mesin yang menjana wang.
Cuba kita lihat beberapa contoh yang boleh kita mulakan dalam usaha menghasilkan beberapa bentuk pendapatan pasif ini.
- Aliran Tunai Positif Daripada Hartanah: Hartanah adalah apa yang kebanyakan orang fikirkan apabila bercerita tentang pendapatan pasif. Tetapi, ia hanya dianggap pendapatan pasif apabila sewa yang anda terima adalah lebih tinggi daripada pinjaman perumahan, cukai, kos penyelenggaraan dan perbelanjaan yang terlibat. Jika tidak, sewa hartanah anda hanyalah merupakan liabiliti. Anda juga boleh membuat wang dengan spekulasi terhadap kenaikan harga asset tersebut. Pendapatan pasif boleh dijana daripada hartanah kediaman ataupun komersil.
- Menjadi Seorang Penulis: Daftar hakcipta bahan-bahan yang menghasilkan royalty, seperti buku atau e-book, muzik atau lirik, foto dan gambar merupakan satu lagi cara ramai usahawan mencipta pendapatan pasif.
- Lesenkan Paten: Memiliki satu idea yang hebat ataupun sebuah ciptaan. Lesenkan ia dan perolehi bayaran bila-bila masa apabila seseorang menggunakan paten yang anda lesenkan.
- Produk Bayar Untuk Guna: Mesin vendor, dobi menggunakan syiling, kedai permainan video dan unit stor boleh menghasilkan pendapatan pasif.
- Bina Satu Laman Web Tempahan Pembelian Automatik: Bina satu laman e-dagang yang boleh secara efektif proses dan memenuhi pesanan dengan penglibatan yang sedikit daripada anda bagi menghasilkan beberapa pendapatan pasif.
- Bina Satu Bisnes Yang Berjaya: Istilah ini bermaksud satu bisnes yang boleh dijalankankan dengan atau tanpa penglibatan yang banyak daripada anda. Berapa kerap, contohnya anda melihat pemilik francais McDonalds di lokasi? Satu francais yang menghasilkan satu aliran tunai yang yang positif dan mempunyai satu kumpulan untuk menjalankan bisnes adalah contoh menghasilkan pendapatan positif kepada pemiliknya.
Ingat bahawa pendapatan pasif tidak semestinya bermaksud tiada langsung penglibatan daripada anda. Banyak kali ia melibatkan satu pelaburan awal yang besar, tetapi ia menghasilkan lebih minimum penglibatan fizikal pemilik diperlukan selepas mesin wang anda telah stabil.
Juga, hanya kerana anda membuat pendapatan aktif v pendapatan sekarang tidak bermakna anda patut terus berhenti kerja dan mula memasang mesin vendor seluruh tempat.
Untuk memulakan pelbagai sumber pendapatan pasif anda perlu untuk teruskan memperolehi pendapatan aktif dengan niat untuk menukarkan pendapatan tersebut kepada pendapatan pasif dengan membeli hartanah yang boleh disewa dan lain-lain.